Shield metal arc welding (SMAW) electrodes are the most popular filler materials in the world, offering the widest range of alloy types and brands available in the global market. Each country has its own SMAW electrode specifications; however, American Welding Society (AWS) specifications are widely accepted. Carbon steel SMAW electrodes, for example, have two major AWS specifications, AWS A5.1 for mild carbon steel electrodes, and AWS A5.5 for low-alloy steel electrodes. These specifications classify electrodes per the following…
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